What does a student learn in StateTennessee,GradeGrade 9,SubjectSocial Studies?

Collect data and information from a variety of primary and secondary sources, including:

Printed materials

Graphic representations

Field observations/Landscape analysis

Artifacts

Media and technology sources

Oral History

Critically examine a primary or secondary source in order to:

Extract, summarize, and paraphrase significant ideas and relevant information

Discern differences between evidence and assertion

Recognize the significance of author’s purpose, point of view, and bias

Draw logical inferences and conclusions

Assess the strengths and limitations of arguments

Synthesize data from a variety of sources in order to:

Establish accuracy and validity by comparing sources to each other

Recognize disparities among multiple accounts

Frame appropriate questions for further investigation

Construct and communicate arguments by citing supporting evidence to:

Demonstrate and defend an understanding of ideas

Compare and contrast viewpoints

Illustrate cause and effect

Predict likely outcomes

Devise new outcomes or solutions

Engage in appropriate civic discourse

Develop historical awareness by:

Recognizing how and why historical accounts change over time

Perceiving and presenting past events and issues as they might have been experienced by the people of the time, with historical empathy vs. present- mindedness

Evaluating how unique circumstances of time and place create context and contribute to action and reaction

Identifying patterns of continuity and change over time, making connections to the present

Develop geographic awareness by:

Analyzing and determining the use of diverse types of maps based on the origin, authority, structure, context, and validity

Using the geographic perspective to analyze relationships, patterns, and diffusion across space at multiple scales

Analyzing locations, conditions, and connections of places and using maps to investigate spatial associations among phenomena

Examining how geographers use regions and how perceptions of regions are fluid across time and space

Analyzing interaction between humans and the physical environment

Describe the geographic features that make up the three grand divisions of Tennessee (i.e., East, Middle, and West).

Describe changes in life in the Tennessee region from the late ice age through the Archaic period.

Compare and contrast features of life in the Tennessee region during the Woodland and Mississippian periods.

Analyze the customs and traditions of American Indians present in the Tennessee region prior to European contact, including:

Cherokee

Chickasaw

Creek

Iroquois

Shawnee

Describe the impact of European exploration in the Tennessee region, including the significance of Christopher Columbus, Hernando de Soto, and Juan Pardo.

Explore the legacy of rich African kingdoms such as Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.

Explain the diverse political, economic, and social structures of pre-colonialized African communities.

Analyze the economic, political, and social reasons for focusing the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade on the African continent, including the role of Africans, Europeans, and their New World colonies.

Analyze the role and impact of the slave trade on West Africa and the Thirteen English colonies.

Define the African Diaspora.

Explore the conditions of the Middle Passage and how it is considered one of the largest forced migrations and examples of enslavement in human history.

Describe the types of kingdoms, leaders, and government systems in major world regions during the 18th century.

Compare major contributions of philosophers and scientists during the Age of Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution, such as:

Sir Francis Bacon

Cesare Beccaria

Galileo Galilei

Johannes Kepler

John Locke

Charles-Louis de Montesquieu

Isaac Newton

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

Mary Wollstonecraft

Identify the major causes (e.g., social, political, economic) of the French Revolution, and trace the evolution of France's government, including Enlightenment political thought, storming of the Bastille, execution of Louis XVI, and the reign of terror.

Explain the geographic, political, and social factors that contributed to the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte’s empire.

Describe social and economic tensions within colonized regions in Latin America.

Explain the global effects of Latin American revolutions, including those in Haiti, Bolivia, Argentina, and Mexico.

Describe the scientific method and its role in psychology.

Describe and compare a variety of quantitative and qualitative research methods, including:

Correlations

Interviews

Experiments

Narratives

Focus groups

Surveys

Explain systematic procedures used to improve the validity of research findings, including external validity.

Describe how and why psychologists use animal subjects in research, and identify ethical guidelines to follow in performing this type of research.

Identify ethical standards psychologists must follow regarding research with human participants.

Explain descriptive statistics and qualitative data and how they are used by psychological scientists.

Define correlation coefficients, and explain their appropriate interpretation.

Interpret graphical representations of data, as used in both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Explain statistical concepts, such as statistical significance, confidence intervals, limitations, and effect size.

Explain how validity and reliability of observation and measurements relate to data analysis and interpretation.

Understand the importance of being well-informed and engaged, including identifying problems or dilemmas, proposing appropriate solutions, formulating action plans, and assessing the positive and negative results of actions taken.

Identify markers of verification, transparency, accountability, and independence in a news story.

Use a variety of methods to verify both written and visual information.

Distinguish between opinion and news, and examine for effective arguments and logical and/or illogical reasoning.

Evaluate the reliability of an anonymous source.

Compare and contrast varying viewpoints, perspectives, and sources on contemporary issues.

Explain the human-environment interaction within hunter-gatherer societies.

List characteristics typical of hunter-gatherer societies, including their use of tools and fire.

Describe how the domestication of plants and animals gave rise to stable communities.

Explain how archaeology and new technologies (e.g., 3D imaging and dating tools) inform our understanding of the past.

Identify and locate on a map early civilizations (e.g., China, Egypt, Indus-Sarasvathi River Valley, Mesopotamia), and explain why civilizations arose in those places.

Compare and contrast the rise of early civilizations (e.g., China, Egypt, Indus-Sarasvathi River Valley, Mesopotamia) in terms of social, political, and economic development.

Describe the origins and central features of Hinduism and its distinctions from other early religious traditions:

Key Person(s): origins in Aryan traditions

Sacred Texts: The Vedas

Basic Beliefs: dharma, karma, reincarnation, and moksha

Describe the origins and central features of Judaism and its distinctions from other early religious traditions:

Key Person(s): Abraham, Moses

Sacred Texts: The Tanakh (i.e., Hebrew Bible, including the Torah)

Basic Beliefs: monotheism, Ten Commandments, emphasis on individual worth and personal responsibility

Explain how consumers and producers confront the condition of scarcity by making choices that involve opportunity costs and tradeoffs.

Define land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship, and explain why they are necessary for the production of goods and services.

Explain reasons for voluntary exchange, including positive and negative incentives.

Describe the basic characteristics and explain the functions of money, including its role as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.

Compare and contrast how the various modern economic systems (i.e., market, command, mixed) attempt to answer the following questions: What to produce? How to produce it? To produce it for whom?

Use a production possibilities curve to explain economic concepts, such as choice, productivity, trade- offs, growth, scarcity, unemployment, and opportunity cost.

Compare and contrast the theoretical principles of capitalism, socialism, and communism, as expressed through theorists such as Adam Smith and Karl Marx.

Identify and explain the following broad goals of economic policy:

Efficiency

Equity

Freedom

Full Employment

Growth

Price Stability

Security

Describe the purpose and functions of government.

Compare and contrast different forms of government, such as monarchy, oligarchy, democracy, and republic.

Analyze the influence of various thinkers on the formation of U.S. government, such as William Blackstone, John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, and Thomas Hobbes.

Analyze the influence of past governments on the formation of the United States, such as Greek democracy, Roman republic, the Magna Carta, and the Mayflower Compact.

Examine the Declaration of Independence and American grievances against British rule.

Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Discuss the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including major compromises (e.g., Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, importation of enslaved people, and the electoral college).

Identify key debates surrounding the ratification of the constitution between the Federalists (e.g., Federalist Papers) and Anti-federalists (e.g., Brutus Papers).

Describe the purposes of government as outlined in the Preamble of the Constitution.

Describe principles of limited government in the U.S. Constitution, including:

Checks and balances

Federalism

Judicial Review

Popular sovereignty

Rule of law

Separation of powers

Describe the structure of the Constitution and the process to amend it.

Define sociology as a field of study, and explain why it is a science.

Compare and contrast sociology with other social sciences.

Explain the origins of sociology and significant contributions of its founders.

Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative methods of research, and determine the parts of research.

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of major methods of sociological research (i.e., surveys and interviews, experiments, observations, content analysis).

Differentiate among various sociological perspectives or theories on social life (i.e., functionalist perspective, conflict theory, symbolic interaction).

Examine ethical practices in sociological research as recommended by the American Sociological Association.

Explain geography as a field of inquiry, differentiate between physical and human geography, describe the importance of the spatial perspective, and use spatial thinking skills to analyze global issues.

Explain how geographers synthesize geographic information from a variety of sources to analyze both human and physical processes in the world's regions, countries, and cities.

Define and explain the use of major geographic concepts (e.g., location, pattern, place, region, scale, site, and situation).

Define the concept of region, identify different types (e.g., formal, functional, perceptual), and give examples.

Read and interpret maps and globes using cardinal directions, latitude and longitude, legends, map scale, and title.

Identify, use, and evaluate the usefulness of different types of map projections (e.g., Mercator, Robinson, Goode's Homolosine, and Peterson).

Compare the use of physical, political, and thematic maps (e.g., choropleth, dot density, proportional symbol, isoline, cartogram).

Analyze patterns and processes at different scales(e.g., local, national, regional, global).

Describe the purposes and uses of geospatial technologies (i.e., GIS, GPS, remote sensing), and apply them in relevant contexts.

Explain how geographers use geographic knowledge, skills, and perspectives to analyze problems and make decisions.

Explain how current events are related to the physical and human characteristics of place and regions.

Summarize the major events of Reconstruction, and explain the impact of the Compromise of 1877, including the founding of the Ku Klux Klan and lynching.

Identify the rights provided by the 14th and 15th amendments, and analyze the efforts to resist them, including Jim Crow laws, disenfranchisement methods, and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. (T.C.A. § 49 -6-1006)

Summarize the efforts of Benjamin "Pap" Singleton and the Exodusters.

Explain how the Homestead Act and the Transcontinental Railroad impacted the settlement and physical landscape of the West.

Examine federal policies toward American Indians, including the movement to reservations, assimilation, boarding schools, and the Dawes Act.

Explain the characteristics and impact of the Granger movement and populism, emphasizing the conflicts between farmers and the railroads (i.e., credit mobilier and Interstate Commerce Act).

Describe the differences between “old” and “new” immigrants, including:

Urbanization

Angel Island

Ellis Island

Push-pull factors

Ethnic clusters

Analyze the causes and consequences of Gilded Age politics and economics as well as the significance of the rise of political machines, major scandals, civil service reform, and the economic difference between wage earners and industrial capitalists, including the following:

Spoils System

Boss Tweed

President Garfield’s Assassination

Thomas Nast

Pendleton Act

Describe the changes in American life that resulted from the inventions and innovations of business leaders and entrepreneurs of the period, and evaluate the business practices of:

Alexander Graham Bell

Henry Bessemer

Andrew Carnegie

Thomas Edison

Lewis Latimer

J.P. Morgan

John D. Rockefeller

Nikola Tesla

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Madam C.J. Walker

Determine the impacts of increased immigration on American society, including:

Competition for jobs

Rise of Nativism

Chinese Exclusion Act and Gentleman’s Agreement

Describe the experiences of free and enslaved Africans living in the Thirteen English colonies and the early United States, including their contributions to the American Revolution.

Analyze the faults in the economic, social, religious, and legal motivations for the establishment and continuation of slavery.

Identify the various ways Africans in the United States resisted enslavement (e.g., cultural, religious, and economic methods).

Examine the constitutional references to slavery, and analyze the impact the debate about slavery had in the development of nationalism and sectionalism, including the Fugitive Slave Laws.

Assess the development of the abolitionist movement and its impact on enslavement and the nation, including the efforts of:

The American Colonial Society

Frederick Douglass

William Lloyd Garrison

Sojourner Truth

Harriet Tubman

Compare and contrast the experiences of African Americans in free states versus slave states in the pre-Civil War era.

Analyze the impact of the Supreme Court's 1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford decision and its impact on restricting rights on freed African Americans in the United States.

Explain the impact of the Underground Railroad.

Describe and analyze various experiences of enslaved persons and the disruption of the family system in the pre-Civil War era.

Describe the development of African American institutions, such as religion, education, and benevolent organizations, during the pre-Civil War era.

Identify and explain contributions to science and the arts from African Americans during the pre- Civil War era.

Describe key geographic concepts, such as scale, pattern, sustainability, diffusion, and connectivity.

Describe how changing physical and human characteristics of a place can influence culture, economics, and politics at the local, national, and global level.

Examine key features of major world regions, and explain how current issues link or divide those regions.

Analyze how countries are interconnected in the modern world (e.g., improved transportation, communication technology, migration, trade, commodity chains, and multinational organizations).

Discuss the immediate and lasting impact of human-environment interactions on places and peoples