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What does a student learn in ?

This is the year social studies zooms in on Alaska itself. Students study the land, the people, and the resources that shaped the state, from Alaska Native communities and Russian contact to oil, fishing, and salmon. They learn to read maps using latitude and longitude, weigh primary sources against secondary ones, and back up arguments with real evidence. By spring, students can explain how Alaska's geography shaped its history and describe how local, Tribal, and state governments share power today.

  • Alaska geography
  • Alaska Native history
  • Maps and latitude
  • Russian contact
  • Resources and economy
  • Tribal and state government
  • Primary sources
Source: Alaska Alaska Standards
Year at a glance
How the year usually goes. Every school and district set their own curriculum, so treat this as a guide, not official pacing.
  1. 1

    Asking questions and weighing sources

    Students start the year learning how to ask sharper questions about real-world problems and how to tell a trustworthy source from a shaky one. Expect dinner-table debates about where information comes from.

  2. 2

    Alaska's land and place on the map

    Students map Alaska's regions and learn to pin down locations using latitude and longitude. They look at how mountains, coastlines, and weather shape daily life in different parts of the state.

  3. 3

    People, migration, and first contact

    Students study how people first came to Alaska, the cultures of Alaska Native groups, and what happened when Russian and European newcomers arrived. They use oral histories and primary sources to hear more than one side of the story.

  4. 4

    Resources and Alaska's economy

    Students look at how Alaska's land, water, and natural resources shape jobs, trade, and conflicts. They compare subsistence, barter, and cash economies and weigh trade-offs in how resources get used.

  5. 5

    Government, citizens, and personal finance

    Students close the year by examining how local, Tribal, and state governments work and what citizens can do within them. They also practice basic personal finance ideas like cost-benefit thinking and opportunity cost.

Mastery Learning Standards
The required skills a student should display by the end of Grade 6.
Develop Questions and Plan Inquiries
  • Formulate clear and focused questions that require investigation about a…

    SS.6‐8.1.1

    Students practice turning curiosity into a real question worth investigating. Instead of asking something with an easy yes-or-no answer, they learn to ask questions that need research to answer well.

  • Use curiosity and interests to develop questions that explore disciplinary…

    SS.6‐8.1.2

    Students turn their own curiosity into questions worth investigating. A student who wonders why ancient cities formed near rivers, for example, uses that question to drive real research into history or geography.

  • Develop inquiries that address real‐world problems

    SS.6‐8.1.3

    Students form questions about real problems in the world around them, then figure out how to investigate those problems. The work connects what they study in class to situations that actually affect people.

  • Analyze complex issues from multiple perspectives

    SS.6‐8.1.4

    Students look at a real-world problem, such as poverty or conflict, from at least two sides before drawing a conclusion. They practice explaining why reasonable people might disagree.

Physical Environment
  • Geographic Representations and Reasoning

    SS.6.1.18

    Students read maps, globes, and graphs to ask and answer questions about places on Earth. They practice choosing the right tool for the right question.

  • Define absolute and relative location using real‐world examples

    SS.6.1.18.1

    Students learn two ways to describe where something is. Absolute location gives an exact address or set of coordinates. Relative location describes a place by what is nearby, like "two blocks from the park."

  • Draft and utilize a variety of maps to communicate information

    SS.6.1.18.2

    Students draw and read different kinds of maps to share information about places. That includes political maps, physical maps, and thematic maps tied to a specific topic like climate or population.

  • Construct and interpret latitudinal and longitudinal representations of…

    SS.6.1.18.3

    Students use a grid of horizontal and vertical lines to pinpoint exact spots on a map, then read those coordinates to find locations others have marked.

  • Demonstrate an understanding of the defining characteristics and placement of…

    SS.6.1.18.4

    Students learn to identify Alaska's major physical regions, where each one sits on a map, and what makes each region distinct, from coastlines and mountain ranges to interior plains and Arctic tundra.

  • Identify the characteristics of the local physical environment and its impact…

    SS.6.1.20.1

    Students study the land, water, and weather around them and explain how those features shape the way people live, work, and get around in their community.

  • Demonstrate an understanding of the interactions between the earth, sun, moon…

    SS.6.1.20.2

    Students learn how the sun and moon drive real patterns: the rise and fall of ocean tides, the shift of seasons, and changes in daylight. They look at how those patterns play out in Alaska and around the world.

  • Demonstrate an understanding of how humans impact their environment

    SS.6.1.16.1

    Students study how people change the land, water, and air around them, from clearing forests to building cities. The goal is to see both the intended results and the problems those changes create.

  • Analyze the impact of natural disasters and human‐induced hazards on human…

    SS.6.1.16.2

    Students look at how events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and oil spills change where people can live, work, and rebuild. They consider both natural disasters and hazards people cause.

  • Evaluate the human response to current and historical disasters…

    SS.6.1.16.3

    Students look at how people responded to real disasters in Alaska, such as earthquakes, oil spills, or volcanic eruptions, and judge what worked, what failed, and what changed afterward.

  • Global Interconnections

    SS.6.1.17

    Students study how Alaska's physical features, like mountains, rivers, and coastlines, connect to patterns of trade, migration, and climate across the globe. Geography shapes who moves where and why.

  • Examine the causes of historical and continuing conflicts in Alaska

    SS.6.1.17.1

    Students look at why conflicts have broken out in Alaska over time, from land and resource disputes to cultural clashes, and consider why some of those tensions are still unresolved today.

  • Analyze how the geography of Alaska’s regions influences the conflicts and…

    SS.6.1.17.2

    Students look at how Alaska's mountains, coastlines, and remote terrain shaped which sides fought together and where battles were hardest to fight.

  • Evaluate the impact of war on Alaska’s ecosystems, resources, and landscapes…

    SS.6.1.17.3

    Students look at how World War II military activity changed Alaska's land, wildlife, and natural resources. They consider what was built, damaged, or left behind, and whether those changes lasted.

  • Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movements

    SS.6.1.19

    Students study why people moved to Alaska and where they settled, tracing the routes and reasons behind migration from early inhabitants to more recent arrivals.

  • Examine the distribution of human populations over time, including population…

    SS.6.1.19.1

    Students look at maps and data to figure out where people have lived across history, why they moved, and how cities grew over time.

Evaluate Sources and Evidence
  • Differentiate between reliable and unreliable sources

    SS.6‐8.2.1

    Students practice telling the difference between a trustworthy source and one that isn't. They ask who wrote it, when, and why before deciding whether to use it as evidence.

  • Evaluate sources of information by examining origin, author, context, and…

    SS.6‐8.2.2

    Students look at where a source came from, who wrote it, and why, then decide how much to trust it. That habit helps them tell the difference between solid evidence and a shaky one.

  • Determine between primary sources produced during the time period being studied…

    SS.6‐8.2.3

    Students sort sources into two groups: ones made during the historical event itself (a letter, a photograph, a newspaper from that day) and ones written about it later. They also notice when later sources show different viewpoints about what happened.

Develop Claims
  • Cite primary and secondary sources to support a well‐ constructed argument

    SS.6‐8.3.1

    Students back up an argument with real sources: an eyewitness account, a newspaper article, or a government record. The source has to fit the claim, not just fill space.

  • Formulate evidence‐based claims that acknowledge multiple perspectives and…

    SS.6‐8.3.2

    Students write a claim about a social studies topic and back it up with facts, while also explaining why someone might disagree. The goal is a fair, honest argument, not just one side of the story.

  • Utilize evidence to construct arguments that address historical events and…

    SS.6‐8.3.3

    Students pick specific facts and sources to back up an argument about why a historical event happened or what it changed. The goal is a claim that holds up when someone pushes back on it.

Communicate and Critique Conclusions
  • Evaluate the significance of historical events by considering their impact on…

    SS.6‐8.4.1

    Students look at a historical event and explain why it mattered: how it changed the way people lived, built governments, or shaped the culture that came after it.

  • Synthesize evidence to draw conclusions about cause‐and‐ effect relationships…

    SS.6‐8.4.2

    Students pull facts from multiple sources to explain why something happened and what changed as a result. They look for patterns across events, not just a single cause.

  • Reflect on the connection of historical knowledge to contemporary challenges…

    SS.6‐8.4.3

    Students look at a current problem and trace it back to events in history to explain how we got here. They practice seeing the past as a reason, not just a story.

Informed Civic Discourse and Engagement
  • Express ideas clearly and concisely in both written and verbal forms

    SS.6‐8.5.1

    Students practice putting their ideas into clear sentences, whether they're writing a paragraph or speaking in a discussion. The focus is on saying what they mean without wandering.

  • Actively engage in discussions, asking clarifying questions and responding…

    SS.6‐8.5.2

    Students practice talking through real issues by asking follow-up questions and responding to what others actually say, not just waiting for their turn to speak.

  • Articulate and defend viewpoints in respectful discussions

    SS.6‐8.5.3

    Students practice stating their opinion on a topic and backing it up with reasons, then listen to classmates who disagree and respond without shutting the conversation down.

  • Collaborate with others to find common ground and propose solutions to civic…

    SS.6‐8.5.4

    Students work with classmates to find agreement on a real community problem and suggest a practical solution together.

Peoples of Alaska
  • Human Populations: Spatial Patterns and Movements

    SS.6.2.19

    Students trace how and why groups of people moved across Alaska over time, looking at where populations settled and what pushed or pulled them from place to place.

  • Investigate complex and diverse characteristics of human cultures across time…

    SS.6.2.19.1

    Students research how different groups of people lived, moved, and changed over time by comparing multiple sources like maps, photographs, and written accounts.

  • Describe the characteristics of civilizations using real‐world examples

    SS.6.2.19.2

    Students study what makes a society a civilization, such as organized government, writing systems, and shared beliefs, then connect those features to actual ancient cultures like Mesopotamia or Egypt.

  • Historical Sources and Evidence

    SS.6.2.22

    Students learn to tell the difference between firsthand accounts (a diary, a speech, an eyewitness story) and secondhand accounts (a textbook, a biography) and use both to piece together what happened in the past.

  • Examine multiple explanations for how people came to Alaska

    SS.6.2.22.1

    Students look at several theories for how the first people arrived in Alaska, such as land bridges or coastal routes, and consider what evidence supports each one.

  • Investigate how the climate and physical features of Alaska…

    SS.6.2.22.2

    Students explore why early people settled where they did in Alaska, looking at how frozen ground, coastlines, and seasonal weather shaped which routes people traveled and where they made their homes.

  • Perspectives

    SS.6.2.21

    Students examine how Alaska Native groups understood and explained the world around them, including their relationships with land, animals, and other peoples.

  • Research Alaska Native groups through examination of oral histories, primary…

    SS.6.2.21.1

    Students research Alaska Native groups by studying oral histories and firsthand sources, then trace how those groups have shaped life in Alaska over time.

  • Explain the connection between culture and geography

    SS.6.2.21.2

    Students explain how the land, water, and climate where Alaska Native groups lived shaped the way those groups ate, traveled, built shelter, and organized daily life.

  • Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

    SS.6.2.16

    Students study how the geography of Alaska, from its coastlines to its interior, shapes where people live, how communities form, and what cultural traditions develop in each region.

  • Describe characteristics of historical and current human populations and…

    SS.6.2.16.1

    Students study where people have lived in Alaska across history and today, comparing how population size, movement, and way of life differ from one region to another.

  • Change, Continuity, and Context

    SS.6.2.23

    Students examine how life in Alaska changed after outside groups arrived and what stayed the same. They look at how historical context shapes the way people understand those changes over time.

  • Identify the factors that led to initial Russian and European contact

    SS.6.2.23.1

    Students examine why Russian and European explorers first arrived in Alaska, including trade routes, fur resources, and geographic curiosity. This is the starting point for understanding how outside contact reshaped life for Alaska Native peoples.

  • Evaluate the immediate and long‐term effects of colonization on Alaska Native…

    SS.6.2.23.2

    Students study how contact with outside settlers changed Alaska Native communities, looking at what shifted right away and what effects lasted for generations.

  • The Global Economy

    SS.6.2.14

    Students examine how goods, jobs, and money move between Alaska and the rest of the world, and how those connections shape what people here buy, sell, and do for work.

  • Identify historical and contemporary populations that have migrated to Alaska…

    SS.6.2.14.1

    Students identify groups of people who moved to Alaska over the last 200 years, from gold rush miners and Russian settlers to more recent arrivals. They look at why people came and how those waves of migration shaped the state's population.

  • Examine the narratives, experiences, and impacts of various immigrant groups…

    SS.6.2.14.2

    Students read real stories and study the experiences of different groups who moved to Alaska over time, then look at how each group shaped the state's culture, economy, and communities.

  • Engage in discussions of factors that could lead to future immigration…

    SS.6.2.14.3

    Students discuss what might draw people to Alaska in the future, such as job growth, climate shifts, or natural resources. The goal is to think through real reasons people move, not just memorize where they came from.

Resources and Economics
  • Geographic Representations and Reasoning

    SS.6.3.18

    Reading and making sense of maps, graphs, and charts to understand how Alaska's geography shapes where people live, work, and find natural resources.

  • Create maps of Alaska that show how physical characteristics have influenced…

    SS.6.3.18.1

    Students draw maps of Alaska showing where people built towns and villages, and explain why those locations made sense given the land, water, and climate around them.

  • Human Environment Interaction: Place, Regions, and Culture

    SS.6.3.16

    Students study how people have shaped their surroundings over time and how the land, climate, and local customs in turn shaped the way those people lived.

  • Evaluate how historical perspectives, ways of knowing, values, and current…

    SS.6.3.16.1

    Students examine how Alaska Native traditions and values have shaped the way land, water, and natural resources are used, then and now.

  • Explain how Alaska’s geographic location and resources have affected the state…

    SS.6.3.16.2

    Alaska's location and natural resources, from oil to fisheries, have shaped its economy and influenced global trade and energy supplies. Students explain those connections using specific examples.

  • Analyze and evaluate the impact of past management of Alaska’s resources

    SS.6.3.16.3

    Students study how Alaska managed its land, fish, oil, and wildlife over time, then judge whether those decisions helped or hurt the state's people and environment.

  • Formulate clear and focused questions about future resource use in Alaska

    SS.6.3.16.4

    Students practice asking sharp, focused questions about how Alaska might use its land, water, and natural resources in the future. The goal is a well-formed question, not a finished answer.

  • Collaborate to create a plan for future preservation or use of…

    SS.6.3.16.5

    Students work in a small group to research an Alaskan resource and write a plan explaining how to protect or use it wisely in the future.

  • Evaluate how resource extraction in Alaska impacts government, economics…

    SS.6.3.16.6

    Students weigh the trade-offs of Alaska's oil, fishing, and mining industries, looking at how extraction brings in money and jobs while also affecting land, water, and local communities.

  • Evaluate changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance…

    SS.6.3.16.7

    Students look at how wars, trade deals, and rivalries change which resources matter and who controls them. A resource that was worthless in one era can become critical in the next.

  • Discuss how the resources of Alaska shaped the history of different regions

    SS.6.3.16.8

    Students examine how Alaska's natural resources, from fish and fur to oil, drove settlement, conflict, and economic growth across different parts of the state over time.

  • Economic Systems, Models, and Markets

    SS.6.3.11

    Students compare how different economies decide what to get made, who makes it, and who gets it, from small village markets to large national systems.

  • Analyze the impact of subsistence, barter, sharing, and cash economies in the…

    SS.6.3.11.1

    Students compare four ways Alaskans get what they need: hunting or growing food for themselves, trading goods directly with neighbors, sharing resources within a community, and using money. They look at how each approach shapes daily life in Alaska.

  • The National Economy

    SS.6.3.13

    Students learn how Alaska's resources, industries, and trade fit into the broader U.S. economy. They look at how what happens in Alaska, from oil production to fishing, affects the country as a whole.

  • Analyze how Alaska’s resources impact national supply and demand

    SS.6.3.13.1

    Students study how Alaska's oil, fish, and timber affect prices and availability across the country. When Alaska produces more or less of a resource, it can shift what the rest of the nation pays and buys.

  • Alaska Economies: State, Local, and Tribal

    SS.6.3.15

    Students study how Alaska's state government, local communities, and tribal nations each manage money, jobs, and natural resources. They compare how these economies connect and what makes each one distinct.

  • Explain how local, Tribal

    SS.6.3.15.1

    Local and tribal governments in Alaska manage natural resources like fish, land, and oil to keep communities running and support the economy. Students learn how those decisions are made and who makes them.

Community Awareness
  • Decision‐Making and Personal Finance

    SS.6.4.12

    Students learn to make money decisions thoughtfully, weighing what things cost against what they can afford and what matters most to them. This skill covers budgeting, saving, and thinking through trade-offs before spending.

  • Investigate methods of personal finance

    SS.6.4.12.1

    Students look at real tools for managing money, like budgets, bank accounts, and ways to save or borrow, to understand how personal financial choices work day to day.

  • Devise a plan for making informed financial decisions

    SS.6.4.12.2

    Students practice building a simple plan for making money choices, like deciding whether to save, spend, or skip a purchase. The goal is to think through a decision before acting on it.

  • Define cost‐benefit analysis, trade‐offs, and opportunity costs

    SS.6.4.12.3

    Students learn three money-decision tools: cost-benefit analysis (weighing what something costs against what you gain), trade-offs (giving up one thing to get another), and opportunity cost (the value of what you gave up).

  • Investigate how choices impact personal financial security

    SS.6.4.12.4

    Students look at how everyday spending and saving choices, like buying on impulse or setting money aside each month, shape whether they feel financially stable later.

  • Civic and Political Institutions and Systems

    SS.6.4.6

    Students learn how governments are set up and how political systems work, from local city councils to national bodies that make and enforce laws.

  • Examine the major components and roles of local, Tribal, and state governments

    SS.6.4.6.1

    Students learn what local, Tribal, and state governments actually do: who makes the rules, who runs the schools and roads, and how those bodies differ from one another.

  • Processes, Rules, and Laws

    SS.6.4.8

    Students learn how communities create rules and laws, why those rules exist, and what happens when they change. The focus is on the steps people follow to make decisions that affect everyone.

  • Evaluate and compare procedures for making decisions at the Tribal, local…

    SS.6.4.8.1

    Students look at how decisions get made at different levels of government, from a tribal council or city hall up to the state capitol and Congress, then compare how those processes are alike or different.

  • Assess specific rules and laws

    SS.6.4.8.2

    Students read a real or proposed rule and decide whether it actually solves the problem it was designed to fix. They practice thinking like a citizen who has to vote yes or no.

  • Identify the interconnectivity of local, Tribal, and state processes, rules…

    SS.6.4.8.3

    Students learn how local, tribal, and state rules connect and affect each other. A city decision can involve tribal agreements or state law, and students trace how those layers work together.

  • Alaska’s Governments

    SS.6.4.9

    Students learn how Alaska's local, tribal, and state governments are organized, how they divide responsibilities, and how decisions get made at each level.

  • Describe essential characteristics of Alaska’s local, Tribal, and…

    SS.6.4.9.1

    Students learn how Alaska's city, tribal, and state governments are set up and what each one actually does, both in local communities and across the whole state.

  • Identify key components of political relationships between the…

    SS.6.4.9.2

    Students learn how the U.S. federal government and Alaska Native tribes work together, including treaties, laws, and agreements that shape who has authority over land, resources, and tribal governance in Alaska.

  • Rights, Roles, and Responsibilities of Citizens

    SS.6.4.10

    Citizens have both rights (protections the government must respect) and responsibilities (duties like voting or following laws). Students learn what each one means and how they work together in a community.

  • Describe the roles and responsibilities of people in the United States

    SS.6.4.10.1

    Students learn what citizens, workers, and community members are expected to do in the United States. That includes things like following laws, paying taxes, and voting.

  • Participation and Deliberation

    SS.6.4.7

    Students practice making group decisions by listening to different viewpoints, weighing options, and agreeing on a path forward. This is how communities solve problems together.

  • Describe the roles of political, civil, and economic organizations in…

    SS.6.4.7.1

    Political groups, businesses, and civic organizations all shape daily life, from the laws a community follows to the jobs available nearby. Students examine how these groups make decisions that affect what people can do, earn, and change.

  • Distinguish the powers and responsibilities of residents, citizens, political…

    SS.6.4.7.2

    Residents, citizens, political parties, interest groups, and the media all play different roles in government and community life. Students learn what each group can and cannot do, and why those differences matter.

Common Questions
  • What does sixth grade social studies actually cover this year?

    Most of the year focuses on Alaska: its physical regions, the people who have lived there, its resources, and how local, tribal, and state governments work. Students also build research habits like asking good questions, checking sources, and backing up claims with evidence.

  • How can I help at home if my child is studying Alaska's regions?

    Pull up a map together and find where you live, then talk about what the land, weather, and water are like. Ask what jobs or food sources make sense in that region and why. Ten minutes of map talk a week goes a long way.

  • What does it mean to use a reliable source, and how do I reinforce that at home?

    Students learn to check who wrote something, when it was written, and why. When your child shares a fact from a video or website, ask where it came from and whether another source says the same thing. That one question builds the habit.

  • How should I sequence the Alaska content across the year?

    A common path is physical geography first, then peoples of Alaska and migration, then resources and economics, and finally government and civic life. Each unit can carry the inquiry skills forward, so students keep practicing questions, sources, and evidence-based claims.

  • Which skills usually need the most reteaching?

    Latitude and longitude, the difference between primary and secondary sources, and writing a claim that names a counterargument. Short, repeated practice across units tends to work better than one big lesson.

  • How do I know my child is ready for seventh grade by the end of the year?

    Students should be able to read a map of Alaska, explain how geography shaped where people settled, and describe the basics of tribal, local, and state government. They should also be able to write a short argument using evidence from at least two sources.

  • How much should students know about Alaska Native histories and perspectives?

    Quite a bit. Students study oral histories, early migration, Russian and European contact, and the long-term effects of colonization. Plan to use Alaska Native voices and primary sources directly, not just summaries from a textbook.

  • My child has to do a research project. How do I help without doing it for them?

    Help them turn a big topic into one focused question, then ask where they will look for answers. When they draft a claim, ask what evidence supports it and what someone might say against it. Let them write the actual sentences.

  • How does the personal finance piece fit into a social studies class?

    Students look at trade-offs, opportunity cost, and how small choices affect financial security. A short unit near a natural break in the year works well, and real examples from Alaska's mixed economy of subsistence, barter, and cash make it concrete.